Reminder of NIST framework topcs - Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover
Reminder of NIST framework topics - Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover
Official NIST framework website is here - https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework
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Identify¶
- Cyber Risk Quantification: Measuring and expressing cybersecurity risks in financial terms to inform decision-making.
- Cybersecurity Compliance: Adhering to laws, regulations, and standards related to data protection and cybersecurity.
- Cybersecurity Frameworks and Standards: Guidelines and best practices for managing cybersecurity risks, such as NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, etc.
- Cybersecurity Governance Frameworks: Establishing policies, roles, and responsibilities to manage and oversee an organization’s cybersecurity efforts.
- Cybersecurity Maturity Models: Frameworks that assess an organization's cybersecurity capabilities and guide improvements, such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC).
- Cybersecurity Metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Quantitative measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of an organization’s security strategies and practices.
- Data Classification: Categorizing data based on sensitivity and implementing appropriate protection measures.
- Data Sovereignty: Ensuring data is stored and processed in compliance with regional and national regulations.
- Digital Identity Management: Managing and securing digital identities and credentials to prevent unauthorized access.
- Identity Governance and Administration (IGA): Managing and controlling user identities and access rights across systems.
- Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA): Evaluating how personal information is collected, used, and protected to ensure compliance with privacy laws.
- Risk Assessment and Management: Identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks to minimize their impact.
- Security Certifications and Standards: Industry-recognized certifications and standards that validate an organization’s cybersecurity practices, such as CISSP and ISO 27001.
- Supply Chain Risk Management: Assessing and mitigating risks associated with third-party vendors and suppliers.
- Third-Party Risk Assessment: Evaluating the security practices of external vendors and partners to prevent data breaches and vulnerabilities.
- Threat Intelligence Platforms (TIPs): Tools and solutions that aggregate and analyze threat data to provide actionable insights for proactive defense.
- Threat Modeling: Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities in a system to mitigate risks proactively.
Protect¶
- API Security: Protecting Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) from threats and ensuring secure communication.
- Access Control Lists (ACLs): Rules that define permissions for users and devices to access specific resources within a network.
- Access Control Policies: Defining and enforcing policies for user and system access to resources.
- Advanced Encryption Standards (AES): Using robust encryption algorithms to protect data confidentiality and integrity.
- Advanced Threat Protection (ATP): Solutions designed to detect, prevent, and respond to sophisticated cyber threats.
- Antivirus Software: Programs that detect and remove viruses and malware from your computer.
- Application Programming Interface (API) Security: Protecting APIs from threats and ensuring secure communication between applications.
- Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC): Granting access based on user attributes, such as job function or department.
- Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or system before granting access to resources.
- Authorization: Granting permissions and access rights to authenticated users or systems based on predefined policies.
- Behavioral Analytics: Monitoring user behavior patterns to detect anomalies and potential insider threats.
- Biometric Security: Using biological characteristics, like fingerprints or facial recognition, to authenticate and secure access.
- Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs): Solutions that provide visibility and control over data and applications in cloud environments.
- Cloud Compliance and Governance: Ensuring cloud environments adhere to regulatory and security standards.
- Cloud Compliance and Governance: Ensuring cloud environments adhere to regulatory and security standards.
- Cloud Encryption: Encrypting data stored and transmitted in cloud environments to protect it from unauthorized access.
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM): Continuously monitoring and managing cloud security configurations and compliance.
- Cloud Security: Protecting data, applications, and infrastructure in cloud environments from cyber threats.
- Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP): Securing workloads across multiple cloud environments, including containers and VMs.
- Container Security: Securing containerized applications and environments, such as Docker and Kubernetes.
- Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Security: Securing the software development pipeline to prevent vulnerabilities during the integration and deployment processes.
- Continuous Security Monitoring: Ongoing surveillance of systems and networks to detect and respond to security threats in real time.
- Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP): Safeguarding essential services and assets, such as power grids and water systems, from cyber threats.
- Cross-Domain Security: Securing data transfers and interactions between different security domains or levels of classification.
- Cryptographic Hash Functions: Using algorithms to convert data into a fixed-size string of characters, ensuring data integrity.
- Cybersecurity Compliance: Adhering to laws, regulations, and standards related to data protection and cybersecurity.
- Data Anonymization and Masking: Techniques used to protect personal and sensitive data by removing or obfuscating identifiable information.
- Data Encryption: Converting data into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access.
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Detecting and preventing unauthorized access, transmission, or deletion of sensitive data.
- Data Masking: Obfuscating sensitive data to protect it from unauthorized access while maintaining usability.
- Database Security: Protecting databases from threats by implementing access controls, encryption, and monitoring.
- Device Hardening: Strengthening devices by configuring security settings, removing unnecessary services, and applying security patches.
- Digital Certificate Management: Administering and securing digital certificates used for authentication and encryption.
- Digital Certificate Management: Administering and securing the digital certificates and keys used for authentication and encryption.
- Digital Rights Management (DRM): Controlling access and usage of digital content to protect intellectual property.
- Digital Rights Management (DRM): Controlling access and usage of digital content to protect intellectual property.
- Digital Rights Management (DRM): Controlling access and usage of digital content to protect intellectual property.
- Digital Twin Security: Protecting virtual models of physical assets from cyber threats and ensuring data integrity.
- Digital Watermarking: Embedding information into digital content to protect intellectual property and track usage.
- Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST): Analyzing running applications for vulnerabilities and security issues in real time.
- Encryption: The process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
- Endpoint Security: Protecting end-user devices like laptops, desktops, and mobile devices from cyber threats.
- Federated Identity Management (FIM): Allowing users to access multiple systems and applications with a single identity.
- Firewalls: Controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules.
- Hybrid Cloud Security: Securing environments that combine private and public cloud resources.
- Identity Proofing and Verification: Processes that verify the identity of users before granting access to systems and data.
- Identity and Access Management (IAM): Controlling who has access to what resources in an organization, ensuring only authorized users can access sensitive data.
- Incident Simulation and Drills: Conducting simulated cyber incidents to test and improve response capabilities.
- Information Rights Management (IRM): Controlling access and usage of sensitive information through digital rights management.
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Security: Securing virtualized computing resources provided by cloud service providers.
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): Systems designed to detect and potentially prevent unauthorized access to a network or system.
- Least Privilege Principle: Providing users and systems with the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks.
- Microservices Security: Protecting microservices architectures by implementing security controls at the service level.
- Mobile Device Management (MDM): Administering and securing mobile devices within an organization, including policy enforcement and data protection.
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Requiring multiple forms of verification before granting access to systems and data.
- Network Security: Protecting the data and resources of a network, including monitoring and controlling access to ensure that only authorized users can access the network.
- Network Segmentation: Dividing a network into smaller, isolated segments to improve security and control access.
- Network Traffic Analysis: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic to identify potential threats and anomalies.
- Operational Technology (OT) Security: Protecting systems that manage industrial operations, such as power plants and manufacturing facilities.
- Operational Technology (OT) Security: Protecting systems that manage industrial operations, such as power plants and manufacturing facilities.
- Password Management: Implementing strong password policies and encouraging the use of password managers.
- Passwordless Authentication: Implementing authentication methods that do not rely on traditional passwords, such as biometrics and security keys.
- Passwords and Authentication: Using strong passwords and methods like two-factor authentication to protect accounts.
- Patch Management: Regularly updating software to fix vulnerabilities and bugs that can be exploited by attackers.
- Physical Security and Cybersecurity Integration: Combining physical security measures with cybersecurity practices to protect an organization’s assets comprehensively.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS) Security: Protecting applications and services built on cloud platforms.
- Privacy and Data Protection: Ensuring that personal and sensitive data is protected from unauthorized access and misuse.
- Privacy and Ethics in Cybersecurity: Addressing ethical considerations and privacy concerns related to data collection and use.
- Privacy by Design: Integrating privacy considerations into the development and design of systems and processes.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): A framework of policies and procedures to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.
- Remote Access Security: Protecting remote access connections to prevent unauthorized access to networks and systems.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Assigning access permissions based on user roles within an organization.
- Secure Code Review: Analyzing source code to identify security vulnerabilities and ensure compliance with best practices.
- Secure Coding Practices: Writing code that adheres to security standards to prevent vulnerabilities.
- Secure DevOps (DevSecOps): Integrating security practices into the DevOps process to ensure software is secure from development to deployment.
- Secure File Transfer Protocols: Ensuring data is securely transferred over networks using protocols like SFTP and HTTPS.
- Secure File Transfer Protocols: Ensuring data is securely transferred over networks, including SFTP and HTTPS.
- Secure Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols: Developing and using protocols to protect IoT devices and networks from cyber threats.
- Secure Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols: Developing and using protocols to protect IoT devices and networks from cyber threats.
- Secure Microservices Architecture: Designing and securing microservices-based applications to prevent vulnerabilities and data leaks.
- Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC): Cryptographic methods allowing parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private.
- Secure Network Architecture: Designing network infrastructures with security in mind to protect against attacks and vulnerabilities.
- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS): Protocols that provide encryption and secure communication over a computer network.
- Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC): Incorporating security practices throughout the software development process.
- Secure Software Development: Designing software with security in mind, including practices to prevent vulnerabilities and exploits.
- Security Awareness Campaigns: Initiatives designed to educate users about cybersecurity threats and best practices.
- Security Awareness Training: Educating employees and users about cybersecurity best practices to prevent human errors and social engineering attacks.
- Security Awareness Training: Educating employees and users about cybersecurity threats and best practices.
- Security Configuration Management: Ensuring systems and applications are configured securely to minimize potential attack surfaces.
- Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): Systems that provide real-time analysis of security alerts generated by applications and network hardware.
- Security Operations Center (SOC): A centralized unit that monitors, detects, and responds to cybersecurity incidents.
- Security by Design: Integrating security measures into the design phase of systems and software development to minimize vulnerabilities from the start.
- Self-Healing Systems: Technologies that automatically detect, diagnose, and repair security issues without human intervention.
- Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI): Allowing individuals to control their digital identities without relying on centralized authorities.
- Serverless Security: Protecting serverless computing environments and functions from threats.
- Serverless Security: Securing functions and applications running in serverless computing environments.
- Software Composition Analysis (SCA): Identifying and managing vulnerabilities in open-source components and libraries.
- Static Application Security Testing (SAST): Examining source code for vulnerabilities and weaknesses before an application is deployed.
- Supply Chain Security: Managing risks associated with third-party vendors and suppliers to ensure they do not introduce vulnerabilities.
- Threat Intelligence Platforms (TIPs): Tools and solutions that aggregate and analyze threat data to provide actionable insights for proactive defense.
- Threat Intelligence: Gathering and analyzing information about potential or current threats to help organizations anticipate and mitigate attacks.
- Tokenization: Converting sensitive data into non-sensitive equivalents (tokens) to reduce exposure and risk.
- Tokenization: Replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive tokens to reduce exposure and risk.
- Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Encrypted connections that allow users to securely access a private network over the internet.
- Virtualization Security: Protecting virtual machines and environments from threats and vulnerabilities.
- Vulnerability Scanning: Automated tools and processes that identify and assess vulnerabilities within a system or network.
- Web Application Firewalls (WAF): Filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic to protect web applications from attacks.
- Web Content Filtering: Blocking or restricting access to certain websites or content to prevent exposure to harmful materials.
- Wi-Fi Security: Securing wireless networks using protocols like WPA3 to prevent unauthorized access.
- Zero Trust Security Model: A security framework where trust is never assumed, and every request is verified as though it originates from an open network.
Detect¶
- AI and Machine Learning in Security: Using AI and ML to detect anomalies, predict threats, and automate security processes.
- Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Long-term targeted attacks where intruders gain access to a network and remain undetected to gather information over time.
- Automated Threat Detection: Using machine learning and AI to detect threats and anomalies in real time.
- Behavioral Analytics: Monitoring user behavior patterns to detect anomalies and potential insider threats.
- Blockchain Security: Securing blockchain technology, which underpins cryptocurrencies and offers decentralized and tamper-proof records.
- Botnet Detection and Mitigation: Identifying and neutralizing networks of infected devices controlled by attackers.
- Continuous Security Monitoring: Implementing ongoing surveillance of systems and networks to detect and respond to threats in real-time.
- Credential Stuffing Attacks: Automated attacks using stolen credentials to gain unauthorized access to accounts.
- Cyber Espionage: The use of cyber techniques to gather information and intelligence from adversaries or competitors.
- Cyber Threat Hunting: Proactively searching through networks and systems to detect and isolate advanced threats that evade existing security solutions.
- Dark Web Monitoring: Tracking and analyzing activities on the dark web to identify potential threats and data leaks.
- Deception Technology: Creating decoys and traps within a network to detect, analyze, and divert cyber attackers.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: Attacks designed to overwhelm a network or service with traffic, rendering it unusable.
- Digital Forensics and Incident Investigation: Analyzing digital evidence and conducting investigations to understand the scope and impact of cyber incidents.
- Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR): Continuous monitoring and analysis of endpoint activity to detect and respond to threats.
- Incident Response Plan (IRP): Developing a structured approach to detect, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents.
- Insider Threat Detection: Identifying and mitigating risks posed by employees or contractors who may harm the organization.
- Internet of Things (IoT) Security: Securing devices and networks connected to the internet, such as smart home devices, to prevent unauthorized access.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Monitoring network traffic for suspicious activity and potential threats.
- Malware Analysis: Investigating and understanding the behavior and impact of malicious software.
- Malware: Malicious software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device or network. This includes viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, etc.
- Network Access Control (NAC): Restricting network access to authorized users and devices.
- Network Traffic Analysis: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic to identify potential threats and anomalies.
- Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): Collecting and analyzing publicly available information to identify threats and vulnerabilities.
- Quantum Computing and Cryptography: Exploring the impact of quantum computing on current cryptographic methods and developing quantum-resistant algorithms.
- Ransomware: A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment (ransom) to restore access to the data.
- Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Investigating the underlying causes of a cyber incident to prevent recurrence.
- SIEM: Aggregating and analyzing security data to detect and respond to threats.
- Sandboxing: Isolating applications in a controlled environment to prevent malware from affecting other parts of a system.
- Security Data Lakes: Centralized repositories for storing and analyzing large volumes of security data to gain insights and improve threat detection.
- Security Operations Center (SOC): A centralized unit that monitors, detects, and responds to cybersecurity incidents.
- Security Token Offerings (STOs): A method of raising capital through tokenized digital securities that are compliant with regulatory frameworks.
- Threat Detection and Response Platforms: Integrating tools and technologies to detect and respond to cyber threats in real-time.
- Threat Intelligence: Gathering and analyzing information about threats to enhance security defenses.
- Threat Modeling and Analysis: Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities to develop effective defense strategies.
- User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA): Monitoring user and system behavior to identify anomalies and potential threats.
- Zero-Day Exploits: Vulnerabilities in software that are unknown to the software developer and can be exploited by hackers.
- Zero-Day Vulnerability Management: Proactively identifying and patching vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by attackers.
Respond¶
- Business Continuity Planning (BCP): Ensuring critical business functions continue during and after a cyber incident.
- Crisis Communication: Managing communication during a cyber incident to maintain trust and transparency.
- Cybersecurity Insurance: Providing financial protection against losses resulting from cyber incidents and breaches.
- Cybersecurity Leadership and Strategy: Developing and implementing strategic plans to guide an organization’s cybersecurity efforts.
- Digital Forensics: Collecting and analyzing digital evidence to investigate cyber incidents.
- Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP): Developing strategies to recover IT systems and data after a disruptive event.
- Ethical Hacking: Also known as penetration testing, ethical hacking involves testing a system's security to find vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
- Incident Command System (ICS): A standardized approach to managing cybersecurity incidents and coordinating response efforts.
- Incident Response: The process of responding to and managing a security breach or attack to minimize damage.
- Insider Threat Detection and Mitigation: Identifying and addressing risks posed by insiders with access to sensitive data.
- Insider Threat Detection and Mitigation: Identifying and addressing risks posed by insiders with access to sensitive data.
- Insider Threats: Security risks that come from within an organization, often by employees or contractors with access to sensitive data.
- Phishing: A technique used by attackers to trick people into giving out personal information by pretending to be a trustworthy source.
- Post-Incident Review: Analyzing incidents after they occur to identify lessons learned and improve security practices.
- Proactive Security Measures: Implementing strategies and technologies to anticipate and prevent potential threats.
- Red Team/Blue Team Exercises: Conducting simulated attacks and defenses to test and improve security posture.
- Red Team/Blue Team Exercises: Conducting simulated attacks and defenses to test and improve security posture.
- Red Teaming and Blue Teaming: Red teams simulate attacks to test defenses, while blue teams defend against these simulated attacks, enhancing overall security.
- Resilience Testing: Assessing an organization’s ability to withstand and recover from cyber incidents.
- Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Investigating the underlying causes of a cyber incident to prevent recurrence.
- Security Audits and Assessments: Conducting evaluations to assess an organization’s security posture and compliance.
- Security Awareness Metrics: Measuring the effectiveness of security awareness training and programs within an organization.
- Security Awareness Training: Educating employees and users about cybersecurity best practices to prevent human errors and social engineering attacks.
- Security Champion Programs: Identifying and training individuals within an organization to advocate for security best practices.
- Security Operations Center (SOC): A centralized unit that monitors, detects, and responds to cybersecurity incidents.
- Security Policy Enforcement: Implementing mechanisms to ensure compliance with security policies and procedures.
- Social Engineering: Manipulating people into divulging confidential information, often through psychological tricks.
- Tabletop Exercises: Simulating cyber incidents to test and improve incident response capabilities.
- Third-Party Security Audits: Independent evaluations of an organization’s security posture by external experts.
- Threat Intelligence: Gathering and analyzing information about potential or current threats to help organizations anticipate and mitigate attacks.
Recover¶
- Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: Using AI and machine learning to enhance threat detection, response, and prevention.
- Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Security: Securing decentralized systems and ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of transactions.
- Business Impact Analysis (BIA): Assessing the impact of disruptions on critical business functions and processes.
- Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Security: Securing the software development pipeline to prevent vulnerabilities during integration and deployment.
- Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP): Safeguarding essential services and assets, such as power grids and water systems, from cyber threats.
- Cyber Resilience: The ability of an organization to continue operating effectively despite experiencing cyber attacks or incidents.
- Cyber Resilience: The ability of an organization to continue operating effectively despite experiencing cyber attacks or incidents.
- Cyber Threat Hunting: Proactively searching for and identifying threats within an organization’s network.
- Cybersecurity Architecture: Designing and implementing secure infrastructures that protect against cyber threats.
- Cybersecurity Compliance: Adhering to laws, regulations, and standards related to data protection and cybersecurity.
- Cybersecurity Leadership and Strategy: Developing and implementing strategic plans to guide an organization’s cybersecurity efforts.
- Cybersecurity Workforce Development: Building skills and competencies within the cybersecurity workforce to address emerging threats and challenges.
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Strategies and tools to prevent unauthorized access and transmission of sensitive data.
- Digital Forensics and Incident Investigation: Analyzing digital evidence and conducting investigations to understand the scope and impact of cyber incidents.
- Digital Transformation and Security: Balancing innovation and security as organizations adopt new technologies and digital processes.
- Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP): Developing strategies to recover IT systems and data after a disruptive event.
- Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP): Developing strategies to recover IT systems and data after a disruptive event.
- Forensics and Incident Analysis: Investigating cyber incidents to understand how they occurred and how to prevent future occurrences.
- Post-Incident Review: Analyzing incidents after they occur to identify lessons learned and improve security practices.
- Post-Quantum Cryptography: Developing cryptographic algorithms resistant to quantum computing attacks.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Using quantum mechanics to secure communication channels and distribute encryption keys.
- Resilience Testing: Assessing an organization’s ability to withstand and recover from cyber incidents.
- Resilience Testing: Assessing an organization’s ability to withstand and recover from cyber incidents.
- Secure Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols: Developing and using protocols to protect IoT devices and networks from cyber threats.
- Secure Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols: Developing and using protocols to protect IoT devices and networks from cyber threats.
- Security Audits and Assessments: Evaluations of an organization’s security posture to identify weaknesses and recommend improvements.
- Security Awareness Training: Educating employees and users about cybersecurity threats and best practices.
- Security Configuration Management: Ensuring systems and applications are configured securely to minimize potential attack surfaces.
- Self-Healing Systems: Technologies that automatically detect, diagnose, and repair security issues without human intervention.
- Supply Chain Security: Protecting against risks posed by third-party vendors and suppliers.
Happy learning